Red Bull Racing holds the highest engine ranking in Formula 1 according to the ADUO (Additional Development and Upgrade Opportunities) system released by the FIA. Based on the first two assessment periods, Red Bull Ford is the only manufacturer not to receive a development opportunity. This surprise has sparked debate over the system's accuracy and future.
The ADUO announcement was delayed due to Red Bull's dissatisfaction with the first period's results. Oliver Mintzlaff, a senior Red Bull figure, got involved. However, options to challenge the outcome were limited because teams and manufacturers had agreed to the system last year.
Red Bull Ford Powertrains could only request a factual review, but the outcome remained unchanged. FIA single-seater director Nikolas Tombazis stated that the governing body's measurements were correct. However, Red Bull team principal Laurent Mekies argued that there was "not a single data point" showing Red Bull had the best engine. He highlighted deficits at power-sensitive tracks.
According to Mekies, the deficit was greater than at circuits like Monaco or the Hungaroring, where power units play a lesser role. The FIA does not account for energy management at energy-starved tracks, which can affect overall performance. The ADUO ranking only measures the power output of the internal combustion engine, not other aspects like energy efficiency.
The FIA cannot reveal exact measurement methods due to intellectual property and confidentiality. The official statement only mentions that Mercedes falls into the 2-4% deficit category, earning one upgrade opportunity in 2026 and another in 2027. Ferrari, Audi, and Honda fall into the plus-4% deficit category, granting two new homologations this season and two more next year.
The ADUO system was designed to help manufacturers lagging far behind, such as Honda, but it has become a political battleground in F1. In addition, these manufacturers receive extra financial headroom under the budget cap for power unit manufacturers. For example, Mercedes gets an increased cost cap allowance, though the exact figure is undisclosed.
Looking ahead, the system needs reevaluation. Red Bull's criticism shows that measuring pure power is insufficient to describe engine performance holistically. The FIA may need to consider factors like energy management and reliability to make the system fairer and more credible.
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